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If you are new to PHP or just need to refresh your skills, this is the place to start. This series of tutorials will give you the basic knowledge you will need to create a simple PHP website.

PHP is a reflective programming language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages.[1] PHP is used mainly in server-side scripting, but can be used from a command line interface or in standalone graphical applications. Textual User Interfaces can also be created using ncurses.

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LXXX. Mathematical Functions

Introduction

These math functions will only handle values within the range of the integer and float types on your computer (this corresponds currently to the C types long resp. double). If you need to handle bigger numbers, take a look at the arbitrary precision math functions.

See also the manual page on arithmetic operators.

Requirements

No external libraries are needed to build this extension.

Installation

There is no installation needed to use these functions; they are part of the PHP core.

Runtime Configuration

This extension has no configuration directives defined in php.ini.

Resource Types

This extension has no resource types defined.

Predefined Constants

The constants below are always available as part of the PHP core.

Table 1. Math constants

ConstantValueDescription
M_PI3.14159265358979323846Pi
M_E2.7182818284590452354e
M_LOG2E1.4426950408889634074log_2 e
M_LOG10E0.43429448190325182765log_10 e
M_LN20.69314718055994530942log_e 2
M_LN102.30258509299404568402log_e 10
M_PI_21.57079632679489661923pi/2
M_PI_40.78539816339744830962pi/4
M_1_PI0.318309886183790671541/pi
M_2_PI0.636619772367581343082/pi
M_SQRTPI1.77245385090551602729sqrt(pi) [5.2.0]
M_2_SQRTPI1.128379167095512573902/sqrt(pi)
M_SQRT21.41421356237309504880sqrt(2)
M_SQRT31.73205080756887729352sqrt(3) [5.2.0]
M_SQRT1_20.707106781186547524401/sqrt(2)
M_LNPI1.14472988584940017414log_e(pi) [5.2.0]
M_EULER0.57721566490153286061Euler constant [5.2.0]
Only M_PI is available in PHP versions up to and including PHP 4.0.0. All other constants are available starting with PHP 4.0.0. Constants labeled [5.2.0] were added in PHP 5.2.0.

Table of Contents
abs -- Absolute value
acos -- Arc cosine
acosh -- Inverse hyperbolic cosine
asin -- Arc sine
asinh -- Inverse hyperbolic sine
atan2 -- Arc tangent of two variables
atan -- Arc tangent
atanh -- Inverse hyperbolic tangent
base_convert -- Convert a number between arbitrary bases
bindec -- Binary to decimal
ceil -- Round fractions up
cos -- Cosine
cosh -- Hyperbolic cosine
decbin -- Decimal to binary
dechex -- Decimal to hexadecimal
decoct -- Decimal to octal
deg2rad --  Converts the number in degrees to the radian equivalent
exp -- Calculates the exponent of e
expm1 --  Returns exp(number) - 1, computed in a way that is accurate even when the value of number is close to zero
floor -- Round fractions down
fmod -- Returns the floating point remainder (modulo) of the division of the arguments
getrandmax -- Show largest possible random value
hexdec -- Hexadecimal to decimal
hypot --  Calculate the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle
is_finite -- Finds whether a value is a legal finite number
is_infinite -- Finds whether a value is infinite
is_nan -- Finds whether a value is not a number
lcg_value -- Combined linear congruential generator
log10 -- Base-10 logarithm
log1p --  Returns log(1 + number), computed in a way that is accurate even when the value of number is close to zero
log -- Natural logarithm
max -- Find highest value
min -- Find lowest value
mt_getrandmax -- Show largest possible random value
mt_rand -- Generate a better random value
mt_srand -- Seed the better random number generator
octdec -- Octal to decimal
pi -- Get value of pi
pow -- Exponential expression
rad2deg --  Converts the radian number to the equivalent number in degrees
rand -- Generate a random integer
round -- Rounds a float
sin -- Sine
sinh -- Hyperbolic sine
sqrt -- Square root
srand -- Seed the random number generator
tan -- Tangent
tanh -- Hyperbolic tangent
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PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML. If you are new to PHP and want to get some idea of how it works, try the introductory tutorial. After that, check out the online manual, and the example archive sites and some of the other resources available in the links section.