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If you are new to PHP or just need to refresh your skills, this is the place to start. This series of tutorials will give you the basic knowledge you will need to create a simple PHP website.

PHP is a reflective programming language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages.[1] PHP is used mainly in server-side scripting, but can be used from a command line interface or in standalone graphical applications. Textual User Interfaces can also be created using ncurses.

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exec

(PHP 3, PHP 4, PHP 5)

exec -- Execute an external program

Description

string exec ( string command [, array &output [, int &return_var]] )

exec() executes the given command.

Parameters

command

The command that will be executed.

output

If the output argument is present, then the specified array will be filled with every line of output from the command. Trailing whitespace, such as \n, is not included in this array. Note that if the array already contains some elements, exec() will append to the end of the array. If you do not want the function to append elements, call unset() on the array before passing it to exec().

return_var

If the return_var argument is present along with the output argument, then the return status of the executed command will be written to this variable.

Return Values

The last line from the result of the command. If you need to execute a command and have all the data from the command passed directly back without any interference, use the passthru() function.

To get the output of the executed command, be sure to set and use the output parameter.

Examples

Example 1. An exec() example

<?php
// outputs the username that owns the running php/httpd process
// (on a system with the "whoami" executable in the path)
echo exec('whoami');
?>

Notes

Warning

If you are going to allow data coming from user input to be passed to this function, then you should be using escapeshellarg() or escapeshellcmd() to make sure that users cannot trick the system into executing arbitrary commands.

Note: If you start a program using this function and want to leave it running in the background, you have to make sure that the output of that program is redirected to a file or some other output stream or else PHP will hang until the execution of the program ends.

Note: When safe mode is enabled, you can only execute executables within the safe_mode_exec_dir. For practical reasons it is currently not allowed to have .. components in the path to the executable.

Warning

With safe mode enabled, the command string is escaped with escapeshellcmd(). Thus, echo y | echo x becomes echo y \| echo x.

See Also

system()
passthru()
escapeshellcmd()
pcntl_exec()
backtick operator

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Another Useful functions:


zend-api.zend-is-executing | zend-api.zend-get-executed-lineno | zend-api.zend-get-executed-filename | zend-api.zend-execute-scripts | zend-api.execute | zend-api.execute-internal | ref.exec | language.operators.execution | function.swishsearch-execute | function.ssh2-exec | function.sqlite-exec | function.shell-exec | function.sesam-execimm | function.sdo-das-relational-executequery | function.sdo-das-relational-executepreparedquery | function.pg-send-execute | function.pg-execute | function.pdostatement-execute | function.pdo-exec | function.pcntl-exec | function.ovrimos-execute | function.ovrimos-exec | function.ora-exec | function.odbc-execute | function.odbc-exec | function.ociexecute | function.oci-execute | function.mysqli-stmt-execute | function.mysqli-execute | function.mssql-execute | function.maxdb-stmt-execute | function.maxdb-execute | function.is-executable | function.ibase-execute | function.ftp-exec | function.exec | function.directoryiterator-isexecutable | function.db2-execute | function.db2-exec | function.curl-multi-exec | function.curl-exec |


PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML. If you are new to PHP and want to get some idea of how it works, try the introductory tutorial. After that, check out the online manual, and the example archive sites and some of the other resources available in the links section.